Vietnam

Introduction

Vietnam is a country that captures the imagination of travellers from all over the globe. With its vibrant cities, breathtaking natural landscapes, rich history, and mouth-watering cuisine, Vietnam offers an adventure for every type of visitor. Stretching along the eastern edge of the Indochina Peninsula, Vietnam is shaped like a long, slender S, bordered by China to the north and Laos and Cambodia to the west, with the East Sea (South China Sea) to the east. Its geographical diversity is reflected in its bustling urban centres, tranquil highlands, verdant rice paddies, and more than 3,000 kilometres of coastline.

Why visit Vietnam? The answer lies in its harmonious blend of ancient traditions and modern dynamism. From the centuries-old temples and French colonial architecture to the pulsing energy of its markets and street food stalls, Vietnam is a land where history and present-day life coexist in a vibrant tapestry. Whether you’re after cultural immersion, adventure, relaxation, or culinary delights, Vietnam promises unforgettable experiences at every turn.

Vietnam’s history is as rich as its landscapes. Once the heart of ancient kingdoms, influenced by Chinese, Khmer, French and American presences, Vietnam has emerged as a unified, independent nation proud of its heritage. Today, visitors are warmly welcomed by locals, keen to share their stories and traditions. Get ready to explore Vietnam – a destination that will surprise, delight, and inspire.

Top Destinations in Vietnam

Hanoi

The capital city, Hanoi, is a fascinating blend of old and new. Wander through the Old Quarter, where narrow streets echo with the sounds of motorbikes and street vendors, or visit the tranquil Hoan Kiem Lake. Don’t miss landmarks like the Temple of Literature, the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, and the French colonial Opera House. Hanoi’s culinary scene is legendary, especially its street food and traditional coffee shops.

Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)

In the south, Ho Chi Minh City (still called Saigon by locals) pulses with energy. Here, gleaming skyscrapers rise beside bustling markets and historic pagodas. Explore the War Remnants Museum, the Notre-Dame Cathedral, and Ben Thanh Market. District 1 is the city’s heart, but make sure to venture into the surrounding districts for an authentic taste of local life.

Ha Long Bay

Recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ha Long Bay is famous for its emerald waters and thousands of limestone islands topped with rainforests. Cruises range from luxurious overnight boats to day trips, offering opportunities for kayaking, swimming, and cave exploration. Ha Long Bay is a must-see for nature lovers and photographers alike.

Hoi An

The ancient town of Hoi An enchants visitors with its lantern-lit streets, well-preserved architecture, and riverside ambience. Once a major trading port, Hoi An is ideal for leisurely exploration, tailor-made clothing, and sampling local delicacies. Don’t miss the monthly Lantern Festival, when the old town glows in a sea of colourful lights.

Hue

Once the imperial capital of Vietnam, Hue offers a journey back in time. The Imperial City, a sprawling complex of palaces, temples, and gardens, is the highlight. Explore the royal tombs scattered along the Perfume River and savour Hue’s unique cuisine, known for its royal origins and delicate balance of flavours.

Sapa

High in the northern mountains, Sapa is known for its dramatic landscapes and ethnic minority villages. Trekking is the main draw, with routes winding through rice terraces, misty valleys, and vibrant markets. Homestays with local families provide an authentic experience and a chance to learn about the region’s cultural diversity.

Mekong Delta

The lush Mekong Delta, often called the “rice bowl” of Vietnam, is a maze of rivers, swamps, and islands. Life here revolves around the waterways. Take a boat tour to visit floating markets, fruit orchards, and traditional villages. The Delta’s laid-back atmosphere is a welcome contrast to the country’s bustling cities.

Phu Quoc

Off the southern coast, Phu Quoc island is a tropical paradise boasting white-sand beaches, clear waters, and lush forests. It’s perfect for sun-seekers, snorkellers, and those looking for a more relaxed vibe. The island is increasingly accessible, with a growing range of resorts and local eateries serving fresh seafood.

Da Nang

Da Nang is a modern coastal city famous for its sandy beaches, the striking Dragon Bridge, and proximity to the Marble Mountains. It’s a handy base for exploring nearby Hoi An and Hue, and its laid-back beach scene is popular with both locals and travellers. The city’s food scene is also worth exploring, particularly its seafood.

Cultural Highlights

Festivals and Traditions

Vietnam’s calendar is filled with vibrant festivals. The most important is Tet Nguyen Dan (Lunar New Year), celebrated with family gatherings, fireworks, and street festivities. Other key events include the Mid-Autumn Festival (with lantern processions and mooncakes), the Hue Festival, and various ethnic minority celebrations in the north. Make an effort to attend a festival if your visit coincides – it’s a window into the heart of Vietnamese culture.

Etiquette and Social Norms

Respect is central to Vietnamese society. Dress modestly when visiting temples and homes, remove shoes before entering someone’s house, and address elders politely. Public displays of affection are generally avoided. It’s customary to greet with a slight bow or nod, and a warm smile goes a long way.

Language Basics

Vietnamese is the official language, though English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Learning a few basic phrases will endear you to locals. Try “xin chao” (hello), “cam on” (thank you), and “xin loi” (sorry/excuse me). Written Vietnamese uses the Latin alphabet, making it easier to recognise signs and menus.

Vietnamese Cuisine: A Food Lover’s Paradise

Must-Try Dishes

• Phở: The iconic noodle soup, usually with beef (phở bò) or chicken (phở gà), seasoned with fresh herbs and lime.
• Bánh mì: A crunchy baguette sandwich filled with meats, pâté, pickled veggies, and herbs—a legacy of French colonial times.
• Bún chả: Grilled pork served over cold rice noodles, with fresh greens and dipping sauce—especially popular in Hanoi.
• Cao lầu: Hoi An’s specialty noodle dish, featuring thick noodles, pork, greens, and crispy croutons.
• Gỏi cuốn: Fresh spring rolls with prawns, pork, herbs, and vermicelli, served with hoisin-peanut sauce.
• Com tam: “Broken rice” with grilled pork, egg, and pickles—a staple in southern Vietnam.

Street Food and Regional Specialities

Vietnam’s street food culture is legendary. Markets and roadside stalls offer everything from sizzling bánh xèo pancakes to sweet chè desserts. Regional diversity means northern dishes tend to be milder, central cuisine is spicy and complex, and southern food is sweet and herbaceous. Don’t be afraid to try unfamiliar dishes—street food is fresh, affordable, and full of flavour.

Dining Etiquette

Meals are often shared, with dishes placed in the centre of the table. It’s polite to wait for the eldest to start eating and to use both hands when passing items. Chopsticks are standard, and leaving a little food on your plate can be a sign that you’re full. Don’t stick chopsticks upright in rice—it’s considered bad luck.

Transportation: Getting Around Vietnam

Arriving in Vietnam

Most international visitors arrive via Hanoi (Noi Bai), Ho Chi Minh City (Tan Son Nhat), or Da Nang International Airports. Major airlines service these gateways, and visa-on-arrival is available for many nationalities (see Practical Tips).

Domestic Travel

• Trains: Vietnam’s rail network is comfortable, scenic, and budget-friendly, connecting major cities along the coast. Overnight sleeper trains are popular for long distances.
• Buses: Intercity buses and sleeper coaches cover the whole country, often cheaper than trains but less comfortable for long journeys.
• Flights: Several low-cost carriers operate domestic flights, which can save significant travel time between distant cities.

Local Transport

• Taxis: Widely available in cities—use reputable companies or ride-hailing apps (e.g., Grab) to avoid scams.
• Motorbikes: Renting a scooter is a popular way to explore, but traffic can be chaotic. Only experienced riders should attempt this, and helmets are mandatory.
• Cyclo: Traditional three-wheeled bicycle taxis, ideal for short, leisurely rides in old towns.
• Bicycles: Great for rural areas or towns like Hoi An—many hotels offer free or cheap bicycle hire.

Accommodation Options

Vietnam caters to every budget and preference. You’ll find everything from luxury international hotels and beachfront resorts to backpacker hostels and family-run homestays.

• Hotels: Major cities and tourist spots offer a wide range of hotels, from boutique to five-star chains. Booking in advance is recommended during peak seasons.
• Hostels: Ideal for solo travellers and those on a budget, with dorms and social atmospheres. Many include free breakfast and tours.
• Homestays: Staying with a local family (especially in Sapa or the Mekong Delta) offers cultural immersion and home-cooked meals.
• Resorts: Coastal areas like Phu Quoc, Da Nang, and Nha Trang have resorts with private beaches and extensive facilities.

Booking sites such as Agoda, Booking.com, and Hostelworld are popular in Vietnam. For rural areas, it’s wise to call ahead or ask locals for recommendations.

Safety and Health

Common Risks

Vietnam is generally safe, but petty theft (especially bag snatching in cities) can occur. Keep valuables secure and be alert in crowded places. Traffic is hectic—cross roads carefully and use pedestrian crossings where possible.

Vaccinations and Health Precautions

• Consult your doctor about recommended vaccinations (hepatitis A and B, typhoid, tetanus, and Japanese encephalitis for long stays).
• Drink bottled or filtered water and avoid ice in rural areas.
• Use insect repellent to guard against mosquito-borne illnesses.
• Carry basic medications, as pharmacies (called “chemists” in Australia) are widely available but may not stock foreign brands.

Travel Insurance and Emergency Contacts

Comprehensive travel insurance covering health, accidents, and theft is a must. The emergency number for police is 113, for fire 114, and for ambulance 115. Embassies are located in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Practical Travel Tips

Visas

Most visitors need a visa to enter Vietnam. Options include e-visas (apply online before arrival) and visa-on-arrival (with pre-approval letter). Check current requirements and allow time for processing.

Currency and Payments

The official currency is the Vietnamese dong (VND). Cash is king, especially in rural areas, though credit cards are accepted at most hotels and high-end restaurants. ATMs are widespread in cities—withdraw small amounts to avoid carrying too much cash.

Connectivity

SIM cards and mobile data are affordable and widely available at airports, phone shops, and convenience stores. Wi-Fi is widespread in hotels, cafes, and even many restaurants.

Packing Advice

• Pack light, breathable clothing for the tropical climate, but include a warm layer for the mountains or winter in the north.
• Good walking shoes are essential, as is a rain jacket during the wet season.
• Bring sunscreen, a hat, and insect repellent.
• A universal power adaptor is handy—Vietnam uses 220V outlets with types A, C, and D plugs.

Weather and Best Times to Visit

Vietnam’s climate varies from north to south. The best times for travel are generally from October to April (cooler, drier weather). The north can be chilly in winter (December–February), while the south remains warm year-round. The rainy season runs from May to September, especially in the south.

Sample Itineraries

1-Week Itinerary: Highlights of Vietnam

• Day 1-2: Hanoi – Explore the Old Quarter, museums, and street food.
• Day 3-4: Ha Long Bay – Overnight cruise among the limestone islands.
• Day 5-7: Hoi An – Wander the ancient town, cycle to the beach, enjoy local cuisine.

2-Week Itinerary: North to South Adventure

• Days 1-2: Hanoi
• Days 3-4: Ha Long Bay
• Days 5-6: Sapa – Trekking and homestay.
• Days 7-8: Hue – Imperial City and tombs.
• Days 9-10: Hoi An
• Days 11-14: Ho Chi Minh City – Markets, museums, and a day trip to the Mekong Delta.

1-Month Itinerary: In-Depth Discovery

• Week 1: Hanoi, Ninh Binh, Ha Long Bay
• Week 2: Sapa, Bac Ha markets, northern villages
• Week 3: Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, My Son ruins
• Week 4: Nha Trang beaches, Dalat highlands, Ho Chi Minh City, Mekong Delta, Phu Quoc Island

Local Customs and Responsible Travel

Dos and Don’ts

• Do greet people with a smile and show respect to elders.
• Do dress modestly, especially at religious sites.
• Don’t raise your voice or lose your temper in public—calmness is valued.
• Don’t point your feet at people or sacred objects.
• Do remove shoes before entering homes and some shops.
• Don’t take photos in places where it’s forbidden (e.g., some temples).

Sustainability and Responsible Tourism

Travel responsibly by reducing plastic waste, supporting local businesses, and respecting wildlife and natural habitats. Use refillable water bottles, choose eco-friendly accommodation, and avoid activities that exploit animals or local communities. Your actions help preserve Vietnam for future generations.

Respecting Local Culture

Engage with locals respectfully and with curiosity. Learning a few words of Vietnamese, trying local dishes, and participating in community-based tourism are great ways to connect and support the country’s cultural heritage.

Vietnam – Fabtastic or Not?

Vietnam is a vibrant, welcoming country that rewards curious and open-minded travellers. Whether you’re sipping egg coffee in a Hanoi alley, exploring ancient temples in Hue, cruising Ha Long Bay, or lazing on a beach in Phu Quoc, you’ll find every corner of Vietnam has its own story. With this guide in hand, you’re ready to embrace the adventure—xin chao va hen gap lai (hello and see you again)!